Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 1288 Words

Human rights are women s rights, and women s rights are human rights, says Hilary Clinton. The message was clearly portrayed in the famous literary work of 1879 in, â€Å"A doll house† by Henrik Ibsen in artistic way. Henrik Ibsen brings up one of the aspects of gender role and society norms as it was during the nineteenth century. The ideology in the nineteenth century of Norway’s was that men are hypothesized to be a breadwinner, where women need to take care of their children and stay home. Ibsen presents Helmer’s house as a middle class family, where Nora and Torvald seems to be living a happy marriage life. Nora and Torvald have an abnormal relationship from the audience point of view of the present. As the play progresses Nora’s Identity shifts from being a â€Å"Doll† in a house to being a strong, fearless, powerful, and Independent women. Ibsen delivered an influential vision for self-empowerment in the role of Nora, and shows that weakness and strength are the function of being human not the function of gender. Nora plays the role as the expectation of society and Torvald is portrayed as a stereotypical man. The both gender behaving the way that society considered appropriate. Some of the society norms of that time were, a typical man works to earn money for the family and control all the finances and wife has to stay at home and take care of their children and do things that their husband wants them to do. â€Å"After a woman married, her rights, her property, and even herShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Andrew Marsh And The Ethics Of Belief - 948 Words

The Christian faith goes back thousands of years, and has acquired a strong system of devout followers from all different walks of life. The big question regarding Christianity is whether or not there really is a God. Many have set out to disprove Christianity, including one of the major theorists Charles Darwin with his belief in evolution. Unlike in the evolution theory, faith plays a huge part in the Christian religion and without it they really rely on nothing. Can there be a valid belief system without evidence? Christianity falls short of being logical because of its lack of evidence, inadequate reasoning, and harm it causes to believers. Without evidence, nothing can accurately be proven true. In his article, You Know I Learned Something Today: Stan Marsh and the Ethics of Belief, Henry Jacoby quotes English mathematician and philosopher W.K Clifford when he says it is â€Å"wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone to believe anything upon insufficient evidence† (Jacoby 58). The Christian religion is strongly based on Faith; the faith that the Bible is nonfiction, that there is a heaven and a hell, and most importantly that there is in fact a God. Due to the fact that none of these subjects have any documented evidence supporting their claims, is it really in society’s best interest to believe in them? If humans create beliefs based on the simple fact that they cannot be disproven; however, they have no solid evidence they can be proven then it is all turned into aShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesbetween internal capabilities and external possibilities. In the words of this school s best-known proponents, Economic strategy will be seen as the match between qualifications and opportunity that positions a firm in its environment (Christensen, Andrews, Bower, Hamermesh, and Porter in the Harvard policy textbook, 1982:164). Establish fit is the motto of the design school. This chapter discusses and then critiques this highly influential school, which contains some of the most deeply seated assumptionsRead MoreCadbury Report26174 Words   |  105 Pagesdetails of the level of the charge and when it is applicable. First published December 1992 ISBN 0 85258 913 1 (Report) ISBN 0 85258 915 8 (Report with Code of Best Practice) Gee (a division of Professional Publishing Ltd) South Quay Plaza 183 Marsh Wall London El4 9FS Freephone: (0800) 289520 Fax: (071) 537-2557 Printed in Great Britain by Burgess Science Press. Queries and correspondence relating to the report should be addressed to: The Secretary Committee on the Financial Aspects ofRead MoreEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age12587 Words   |  51 Pagesthere are other things that one would not object to either of them knowing, but would not want passed on to aunts and uncles, just as there are things that one would like to keep within the family. Determining what should (1) be left to the realm of ethics and common courtesy, (2) be incentivized Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.edu Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital AgeRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 90 Mittal Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 MMC (Marsh McClennan Companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Mosaic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Motiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Motorola. . . Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints 184 Individual Differences 184 †¢ Organizational Constraints 186 What About Ethics in Decision Making? 187 Three Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization

Ethics and Ethical Issues in Aviation-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Critically examine various aspects related to aviation ethics and how they Positively or Negatively affect the Aviation Sector. Answer: Introduction Business ethics refers to the professional rules that any business organization is required to follow for its smooth running. Ethical issues, on the other hand, refer to the problems or controversies, which arise when businesses do not professionally adhere to the set international ethics. The chosen sector for this report is the airline (aviation) sector. The aviation sector is one of the sectors of any global economy, which contribute to the fast growth and development of that particular economy. According to (Shaw Barry, 2015, p.67), the aviation sector has provided jobs to over 58 million people while accruing an annual profit margin of $2.4 trillion. Good business relations among nations emerge when transport to and fro those nations is easy. This is majorly made possible by the aviation sector. This sector, therefore, proves to be a very important area of study for this report. There has been a prolonged argument on the ethics that should be applied to the aviation sector. Som e professionals argue that some of the activities undertaken by airline companies are ethical while others oppose such claims. On the basis of the above aspects, the following are the objectives of this report. To identify the ethical issues in the aviation sector. To discuss the major stakeholders in the aviation sector. To review the importance of managing business ethics to the aviation sector. The following is the detailed analysis of the aviation sector in relation to some major chosen concepts discussed below. Analysis of the aviation sector Ethical issues facing the aviation sector Safety is a major ethical issue in the aviation sector. There are two major ethical issues regarding safety, which are really facing the aviation sector. One of these is the overbooking of flights. One might wonder how this is possible. According to (Hoppe, 2016, p.110),a website of Southwest Airlines indicated that the company would open a chance for passengers to book and get their air tickets when some passengers did not respond towards their travel, or when those who had earlier booked the flight did not arrive early enough at the respective airports. The problem now came in when all the passengers who had earlier and later booked the flight will all be available for the flight a few minutes before the plane took off. With no otherwise, the company would now decide to bump all the passengers in one plane. This is still practiced in many nations till today. However, this is very risky since the plane is designed to carry a specific measured weight which when exceeded; chances of t he occurrence of an accident are very high. Relevant and quick action should, therefore, be taken on this ethical issue to ensure that safety is maintained. Secondly, there is also an ethical issue on cramped seats. Several airline companies insert and fix unlawfully designed seats on their planes so as to accommodate more passengers and hence make more profits. According to (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015, p.33), these seats are uncomfortable and may lead to severe medical problems to those passengers who sit on them. Several passengers have reported cases of back pains and blood clots, which started after traveling on planes. Investigations on the illegally fixed seats showed that these seats are really uncomfortable and back pains arise on passengers seated on them, due to up and down movements of the plane in the course of the flight(Thomas Burgess, 2015, p.56). This has been a major ethical issue, and the right action to redesign the plane seats according to the expected requirements should be taken. Another major ethical issue in this sector airline sector is the use of false advertising. According to a research carried out by (IATA, 2014, p.44)which is famously known as the International Air Transport Association, some airline companies advertise falsely, especially in the flight charges. According to this research, passengers in the consumer travelers website gave their grievances about this false advertising. One case is pointed out where one famous airline company advertised that it was offering a trip from Newark to London for $236. However, after other charges were added, the price rose to $803. Those who had booked had no otherwise other than paying an extra amount which they had not planned for. Prompt action should be taken by such airline companies, and the relevant organization, to stop the use of such false adverts. Ethical issues of discrimination have also been evidenced on different occasions. Cases of some passengers being discriminated on air travel flights have been reported by scholars in various articles. One of these articles, which were posted in the famous New York Post in November 2012, indicated that one woman (passenger), who was a New York resident, was denied the right to travel from Hungary to her hometown (Tani, 2017, p.112). According to the report from this article, the woman was denied an air ticket since she was obese. On seven different occasions, this passenger was denied the opportunity to travel by air. Involved airline companies argued that they had no insurance policy which would cover her in the case of death. Later, the woman died. Interrogations with her husband revealed that the husband claimed that the death happened because she was denied the opportunity to travel to get further treatment. However, despite all these ethical issues, aviation sector still holds a strong sustainability focus. The sector has committees boards which are put in place to ensure that all activities run well. For example, a licensing program is developed to ensure that all planes are in accordance to the required standards before they fly. Additionally, measures have been taken by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), to reduce noise emissions. This body intervenes in airline companies to check the performance of engines, which are major emitters of such noise. In the recent years, the noise emissions have been reduced by 8%(DesJardins McCall, 2014, p.100). Sustainability measures have also been taken to increase fuel efficiency. IATA proposes that planes should use an average of 5.4 liters of fuel for 100km. However, most planes recently use an average of 4 liters of fuel for 100km. The major stakeholders in the aviation sector include; the manufacturers of the planes, airport organizations, aviation sales departments, the tourism department, trade unions among many others. Factors that enable aviation to manage business ethics To effectively manage business ethics, the aviation secure utilizes some factors. To start with, the sector defines clearly the roles and rules governing each aviation department. By so doing, each department is given the opportunity to operate, but within its set limits. When organizations operate according to the set standards, business ethics are therefore likely to be followed correctly. Secondly, the aviation sector conducts seminars, shows, and exhibitions, to educate its employees in the international business ethics set for aviation sector (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014, p.220). This helps to equip them with knowledge on what is ethically right or wrong. Rampant ethical issues can, therefore, be reduced when all the relevant individuals and organization have knowledge on aviation business ethics. Thirdly, the aviation sector makes use of ethics related theories and philosophies, to govern their decision-making process (Hartman et al., 2014, p.89). Idealism is majorly encouraged in aviation sector on setting business ethics. Idealism deals with representing the ideas, opinions, suggestions, and views of others rather than an individualized decision making. Such philosophies equip the workers, managers and other authorities with the ethical knowledge that is useful in evading ethical issues. Finally, addressing the ethical problems if groups and individuals, help to maintain business ethics. When peoples' needs are fully handled, the chances of such people, breaking the business ethics become low. The aviation sector, therefore, seeks to handle such problems and needs an involving manner, with an aim of managing business ethics. Importance of managing business ethics The management of business ethics has really helped the aviation sector. First of all, this has helped to improve the working conditions and has brought more positive changes in the society also. It is through the management of business ethics that children are now no longer employed in the aviation sector since this is regarded as child labor. The working hours have also been reduced to ensure that workers get enough time to rest(Weiss, 2014, p.1). Issues of corruption and discrimination have also been consequently reduced. This makes the global society better. Secondly, management of ethics helps to value and support employees (Vasigh Fleming, 2016, p.50). The success of any sector is majorly bestowed on its workers. Ethics in aviation helps in supporting workers. They are given incentives and other subsidiary funds that help to motivate them to work with more dedication. The workers also feel as a part of the bigger society when their values and grievances are rightly dealt with. Additionally, aviation ethics have also helped the aviation sector to maintain a good public perception (image). Due to adherence to good business ethics, the global public image of the aviation sector is viewed positively(Trevino Nelson, 2016, p.210). Air transport is widely viewed as the most prestigious and comfortable means of transport in the world. Good ethics in aviation has partially contributed to this perception. Finally, good and standard code of business ethics helps to make vital decisions in hard and tough times. When the aviation sector reaches a state of dilemma, where critical decisions have to be made, the code of ethics serves as a strong tool of reference in making the right decisions. Conclusion In conclusion, this report started by stating the main objectives. Each of these objectives has been achieved through the detailed information above. From this report, it has been noted that there exist ethical issues in the aviation sector, which should be dealt with, for the smooth running of the sector. However, the report has also revealed that the sector is averagely performing well globally. Despite all the detailed information provided above, this report had one major limitation. To start with, the time allowed for the study was not sufficient enough. As a result, there was no time to carry out first-hand data collection. Therefore, the data analyzed for this research majorly came from secondary resources such as books, articles journals among other academic sources. References Carroll, A. Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society. In Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. 3rd ed. Washington: Nelson Education. p.220. DesJardins, J. McCall, J., 2014. Contemporary issues in business ethics. 1st ed. California: Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. Fraedrich, J., 2015. Business ethics. In Ethical decision making cases. 3rd ed. Chicago: Nelson Education. p.33. Hartman, L., DesJardins, J. MacDonald, C., 2014. Business ethics. In Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p.89. Hoppe, E.e., 2016. Ethical issues in aviation. 1st ed. Nairobi: Routledge. IATA, 2014. Air passenger market analysis. 1st ed. Montreal: International Air Transport Association. Shaw, W. Barry, V., 2015. Moral issues in business. p.67. Tani, K., 2017. The Morality of Reporting Safety Concerns in Aviation. In In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. 4th ed. Translated by II. Texas. p.112. Thomas, V. Burgess, S., 2015. International Air Transport Association Vision 2050. Report Assessment, III, p.56. Trevino, L. Nelson, K., 2016. Managing business ethics. In Straight talk about how to do it right. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley Sons. p.210. Vasigh, B. Fleming, K., 2016. Introduction to air transport economics. In from theory to applications. 2nd ed. Colorado: Routledge. p.50. Weiss, J., 2014. Business ethics. In A stakeholder and issues management approach. Minnesota: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p.1.

Developing a Sustainable Tourism Strategy in Adelaide

Question: Discuss about the Developing a Sustainable Tourism Strategy in Adelaide. Answer: Introduction Adelaide is worthy to be considered a sustainable city because it stands out from the other cities. It is special because it has a micro-climate which is as a result of Mediterranean type of climate in Adelaides suburb beach that provides a breeze in the larger part of Adelaide. It is important for tourism to be sustainable so that it can serve its purpose. Sustainability refers to biological systems remaining diverse and productive. Sustainable tourism means that the tourism endures. In cities like Adelaide, investors use their resources with the expectation that they will get finance and other results that are less tangible like reputation. This report focuses on the sustainable aspects of Adelaide city and how the aspects can be used to attract tourists into the city. The report follows the following structure, it starts by providing facts and information about Adelaide; then policies and plans for the city; it also provides a literature review of sustainable tourism and planning for sustainable cities; the sustainable assets that market Adelaide are identified; a SWOT analysis is provided; and lastly recommendations are provided after a discussion. This article shows how sustainable tourism makes Adelaide stand out from the other cities. Facts and Information about Adelaide There are various things that make Adelaide city distinct from all the other cities. Adelaide city is the fifth most popular city in Australia. It is also the capital city of state of South Australia. According to the census report in June 2014, the city had an estimated population of 1.31 million. The city is large enough, estimated to be 3,257.7 km2. The city is located on the Adelaide plain North of Fleurieu peninsula. Adelaide city stands out from the other cities in that it stretches 20 km from the foothills coast and 90km from Gawler. The city sits an elevation estimated to be 50 meters above the sea level (Wei and Li 2011, p.370). Before British settlement Adelaide was bush land with some variations of sand hills, swamps and also marshland which were prevalent around the coast. All these facts distinguish this city from the others and therefore becomes the best tourism destination. Adelaide is a special city and that is why it was referred to as RADelaide. First, the city is special over the others because it holds awesome festivals throughout the year. The city sells the highest number of tickets than all cities in Southern Australia combined. It is also special because it is surrounded by parks in the vast lands bordering the city. The city is well known for its free bike hires which are as a result of a promotion by Adelaide City Council. Adelaide has nature at its doorsteps in all its directions. In a few minutes one can take a walk to the hills, at the beach or in the countryside. The city is has become a base for international cuisines from Sri Lank, Vietnamese to Ethiopian. Adelaide has grown sustainably making it a good tourism destination. Policy and Planning Context for Adelaide and Surrounding Suburbs All the planning for Adelaide is future oriented and there comes the need for asking relevant questions such as who should make the decisions and whose future it is. Indigenous individuals have however always been able to plan for themselves and have their own way of planning depending on their values and worldviews. With the indigenous planning, the result is being grounded in place and having local relationships (Hall, 2008, p. 200). Paul Keating a former Prime Minister had recently talked about the issue of treaty as being a form of unfinished business in Australia. He later suggested that there was need to address unfinished business as Adelaides identity. At the international level, Adelaide maintains WTTCs vision, Tourism for Tomorrow, to make the future of tourism sector in Adelaide a sustainable one. Under the stewardship of WTTC, small businesses around Adelaide have been recognized and rewarded for stimulating interests of the consumer through sustainable tourism practice. At the national level, Adelaide works to achieve Tourism 2020, Australias tourism policy. Adelaide city builds on its sustainable tourism so that the nation can maximize on its economic potential. At the state level, Adelaide management makes the city sustainable in order to make South Australia to achieve its full potential of tourism within its State. In the States budget, Adelaide benefits from tourism funds that are geared towards achieving Tourism 2020. Every tourism business in Adelaide is made sustainable to achieve this State policy. Finally, at the local city council level, Adelaide city is committed to build a reputation of sustainable tourism through different strategic plans. Some of these plans include provision of sustainable credentials to businesses, commercial property and residents. Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism and Planning For Sustainable Cities- Literature Review Adelaide became sustainable after the release of the document Our Common Future. Since then, sustainability has affected almost each field of human endeavors not exempting the tourism field. The tourism industry has showed limits, restrictions and costs; the approach of tourism to sustainability has been named as green wash (Kirsh 2003, p. 115). Sustainability is essentially a kind of a development that fulfills the needs of the present and does not compromise the future generations ability in order to meet their needs. Practices that are sustainable support the human, ecological, vitality and economic health. It is through sustainability that there is an assumption that resources are not infinite and thus they should be conserved and used wisely with a long-term priority in mind (Moskwa et al 2014, p. 15). There should also be a view of the long-term priorities and consequences in which to use resources. Adelaide would not have become a sustainable city if some things did not happen. Application of the ecological concepts in the development of sites was a key foundation for building of sustainable places for the occurrence of tourism. Saving of old buildings contribute to sustainability because there is no use of additional material and natural resources. However, this cannot always be the case for there are buildings that lack energy and conservation features (SATC, 2008, p.3). I think sustainability in Adelaide would be maintained once total costs are ascertained. Such costs include environmental costs, products, materials, buildings and services that we create in our modern economies. This is a very important tool that can be used to secure sustainability. I also think that green building design is one of the ways in which embracing of sustainability can be used. In our modern contemporary economies and societies there is urbanization of development and populations of urban touris m precincts that changes the urban fabric quickly. Identification of Sustainability Assets- Tourism Assets Marketing Adelaide as A Model of Sustainable Urban Destination This section of the paper explains sustainable assets in relation to the ecological concepts analyzed in the above section. Sustainability is essentially a kind of a development that fulfills the needs of the present and does not compromise the future generations ability in order to meet their needs (Mayo, 2014, p. 270). It is projected that by 2017, most of Australias population will reside in urban areas. In order for a city such as Adelaide to support dense populations, they have fulfill the needs of every individual sustainably. Christie Walk was developed to sustain dense populations and to also offer lifestyles of quality to the residents. The 27 healthy and efficient households require less energy and less water than its neighbors. Solar energy have been made use of. The designs also provide a lot of outdoor space on the small pieces of land. Adelaide zoo is also an ecological asset that makes Adelaide what it is. Adelaide zoo is an ecotourism asset, a highly attractive conservation park which holds animals from different nations. The Panda closure and other variety of animals attract tourists to the area making the city economically sustainable (Midena, 2014, p. 20). The closure also acts as a conservation because it protects species that are endangered. This makes the zoo, and the larger Adelaide sustainable as an eco-tourism experience. The citys sustainability is also as a result of ascertained environmental costs, products, materials, buildings and services that create the modern economies. The city has in the past designed sustainability plans by investing on good transport systems, making its streets safe by providing security to residents and tourists and encouraging existence of multicultures through welcoming diverse populations. Residents are also urged to provide affordable precinct foods, live music scenes and make the cafes sustainable. SWOT Analysis Strengths One of the most stunning things about Adelaide is the beaches. Some of the beaches like Semaphore or Henley beaches are accessible by either simply hiring a car or driving to the hotspot of the beaches. The other stunning thing about Adelaide is that there is a meander along Torrens river linear train which is a major attraction (Blichfeldt, 2013). This comes along with Adelaides innovative transport systems that the city has acquired in its attempt to avoid change and save money. The north eastern suburbs are also home to the O-Bahn and hence the city is called the festival state and it is for sure a state. Adelaide is the only city is the only city in Australia that has more restaurants per capita when compared to other cities. It is important to know that Adelaide is known as a twenty minutes city for one can drive round the city for only minutes. The city is divided by the Torrens city into North Adelaide and Adelaide where both are surrounded by parklands that are green hence separating the city from the suburbs. Weaknesses Some of the weaknesses of Adelaide are that the city draws poorly in Cox Plate but the international big race clean sweep still looms (Mayo 2014, p.268). This would seem like an outside barrier and could be the only way for undoing the horse. The other weakness of is that the accommodation prices are higher compared to other cities in Australia. Opportunities The suburb located in the inner city of Adelaide presents one opportunity. The neighborhood of the city offers a lot more potential and it is a perfect scene for any tourist. There are more opportunities for Adelaide because it was first ranked the most cost competitive in the whole of Australia (Blichfeldt, 2013). This was in terms of commercials, tax, and labor and transport utilities. Threats The recent threat upon Adelaide has been on schools where malicious people threatened to bomb schools. This has also affected the suburb areas in the eastern part of Adelaide. Adelaide is a small city compared other cities and this threatens its ability to expand and include more sustainable tourism features. Discussion Sustainability is essentially a kind of a development that fulfills the needs of the present and does not compromise the future generations ability in order to meet their needs. The society and community of Adelaide has made the city sustainable through conservancies such as Adelaide zoo, Panda closure, minimizing water and energy costs and through urban centres like Christie Walk. It is important that when people construct buildings and structures in cities, they do so in a manner that the future generation will thank them for it. Like urban centres like Christie Walk, it means that the constructions must be long-term and be of historical conservation (Wearing, 2002, p. 240). To ensure that sustainability is fully observed, Adelaide city follows engages in appropriate polices at the international level, National level, state level and at the local level. Some things act as weaknesses and threats to the sustainability of Adelaide but also, strengths and opportunities maintain the citys sustainability. Adelaide needs to be developed as an evolving, living, diverse and interconnected place where the local people can identify with and tourists enjoy. Recommendations River Torrens, the citys strength is the main landmark of Adelaide and it is fortunate that there is a wide selection of spaces along the river bank. However, the river is a special part of Adelaide need to strengthen its importance position by being situated at the citys edge in the Parklands. Maintenance should be done around this strength. As a recommendation, the river and the city should be stitched together by making sure there is access and visual links River Torrens and North Terrace (Sklair, 2002, p. 117). The other recommendation is that there should be more activities being carried out by creating recreational program with various activities and options. Improving the security across the city is essentially crucial for sustainable tourism in Adelaide. This is because any sense of insecurity will keep away tourists whether from or outside the city. Minimizing the weaknesses is one way of transforming sustainable tourism and living. Consumers should change their ideologies and values about tourism. The alternative value and ideologies would be more conducive to ensure that people live sustainably in a finite world. Moreover, towns and cities should be developed into places that promote equity (Hall, 2008, p. 241). This would reduce the threat of expansion that Adelaide faces because of its size. Considering the way life is expensive at Adelaide, there is need that the old, young, the eccentric, the poor, the rich and the disabled to have their places in cities like Adelaide. Conclusion Tourism is an industry that changes with time and this requires investors to constantly adapt to the customers changing desires and needs. Both public and private sectors invest in attempt to provide tourists with services and infrastructure. Sarahs Caf is an example of a caf that supports sustainable tourism because it has been well managed and maintained with a holistic sustainability in mind. Practices that are sustainable support the human, ecological, vitality and economic health. It is through sustainability that there is an assumption that resources are not infinite and thus they should be conserved and wisely with a long-term priority in mind. Adelaide city is the fifth most popular city in Australia. It is also the capital city of state of South Australia. According to the census report in June 2014, the city had an estimated population of 1.31 million. Adelaide city the Australias city known for its food and wine has recently become the most exciting areas to live and tour. Emergence of nightlife scene and also the festivals and all topped-off by lovely landscape attracts many tourists. One of the most stunning things about Adelaide is the beaches. One of the most important recommendations is that there should be more activities being carried out by creating recreational program with various activities and options. Improving the security across the city is essentially crucial for sustainable tourism in Adelaide. References Bennett, N., Lemelin, R., Koster, R., Budke, I. (2012). A capital assets framework for appraising and building capacity for tourism development in aboriginal protected area gateway communities. Tourism Management, 33(4), 752-766. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.009 Blichfeldt, B. (2013). Vacability and Sociability as Touristic Attraction. Tourist Studies. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797613498160 Butler, R. W. (1999). Tourism: an evolutionary perspective. In J. G. Nelson, R. Butler G. Wall (Eds.). Tourism and sustainable development: A civic approach (2nd., pp. 33-62). Waterloo, Canada: University of Waterloo. Hall, C. (2008). Tourism planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Harlow, England: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kirsh, M. (2003, 31 May). Making the most of it. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 September 2005, from https://travel.guardian.co.uk/activities/rest/story/0,8642,967322,00.html. Mayo, O. (2014). Fisher in Adelaide. Biometrics, 70(2), 266-269. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12154 Midena, Kate. (2014). Find the healthiest caf and restaurants in Australia. Womens Health Magazine, 11th November. Moskwa, Emily, Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya, Gifford, Stuart. (2014). Sustainability through food and conversation: the role of an entrepreneurial restaurateur in fostering engagement with sustainable development issues. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2014.940045 SATC (2008) Tourism implementation plan. https://www.tourism.sa.gov.au/Tourism/Plan/South_Australian_Strategic_Plan_070408.pdf Sklair, L. (2002). Globalization, capitalism and its alternatives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wei, W. Li, R. (2011). A Primary Investigation into Revolution and Way to Reform under the Background of Smart City Construction. AMR, 368-373, 3593-3597. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3593 Wearing, S. (2002). Re-centeringthe self in volunteer tourism. In G. S. Dann(Ed.). The tourist as a metaphor of the social world(pp. 237-262). Oxon, UK: CABI.

Torture, Not Culture - Female Genital Mutilation Essays (1187 words)

Torture, Not Culture - Female Genital Mutilation annon (AN INSIGHT INTO FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION) Female circumcision, better known as Female Genital Mutilation, is an ugly monster finally rearing its head from out of the depths of time. It can attack a girl at any age, with a little prompting from her society, and the aid of an unsuspecting human wielding the knife. Usually, it is performed from a few days after birth to puberty, but in some regions, the torture can be put off until just before marriage or the seventh month of pregnancy (Samad, 52). Women that have gone beyond the primary level of education are much less likely to fall victim to the tradition (Men's..., 34). The average victim is illiterate and living in a poverty-stricken community where people face hunger, bad health, over-working, and unclean water (Female..., 1714). This, however, is not always the case. As one can see in the following story of Soraya Mire, social classes create no real barriers. Soraya Mire, a 13-year-old from Mogadishu, Somolia, never knew what would happen to her the day her mother called her out of her room to go buy her some gifts. When asked why, her mother replied, I just want to show you how much I love you. As Soraya got into the car, she wondered where the armed guards were. Being the daughter of a Somolian general, she was always escorted by guards. Despite her mother's promise of gifts, they did not stop at a store, but at a doctor's home. This is your special day, Soraya's mother said. Now you are to become a woman, an important woman. She was ushered into the house and strapped down to an operating table. A local anesthetic was given but it barely blunted the pain as the doctor performed the circumcision. Soraya was sent home an hour later. Soraya broke from her culture's confining bonds at the age of 18 by running away from an abusive arranged marriage. In Switzerland, she was put in a hospital emergency room with severe menstrual cramps because of the operation. Seven months later, the doctor performed reconstructive surgery on her. Now in the U.S., Soraya is a leading spokeswoman against FGM (Bell, 58). In addition to being active in the fight against FGM, she is a American filmmaker. She has come a long way. Being well-educated about the facts of FGM also brings to light the ugly truth. It is happening on American soil, insists Soraya. Mutilations are occurring every day among innigrants and refugees in the U.S. (Brownlee, 57). Immigrants have also brought the horrifying practice to Europe, Australia, and Canada (McCarthy, 14). Normally, it is practiced in North and Central Africa (Men's..., 34), the Middle East, and Muslim populations of Indonesia and Malaysia (Female..., 1714). Although it seems to have taken root in Muslim and African Christian religions, there is no Koranic or Biblical backing for FGM (Men's..., 34). Many times female circumcision is treated as a religion in itself. It can be a sacred ritual meant to be kept secret forever. As a woman told poet Mariama Barrie, You are about to enter Society {sic}, and you must never reveal the ritual that is about to take place. (Barrie, 54). The ritualistic version of FGM is much more barbaric than the sterile doctor's world which Soraya Mire passed through. Mariama Barrie had to endure the most severe form of FGm at the tender age of ten. Mariama's torture is known as infibulation. There is also excision and sunna. Infibulation consists of the removal of the entire clitoris, the whole of the labia minora and up to 2/3 of the labia majora. The sides of the vulva are sewn or held together by long thorns. A small opening the size of the tip of a matchstick is left for the passage of menstrual blood and urine. Excision is a clitoridectomy and sometimes the removal of the labia minora; sunna is the only type that can truthfully be called circumcision. It is a subtotal clitoridectomy (Female..., 1714). To put this in perspective, infibulation would be like cutting off a man's penis completely, cutting the testicles to the groin, and making a hole in them to have the semen siphoned out (McCarthy, 14). But still, it can get worse. The instruments that can be used to perform the operation are usually crude and dirty. they can include kitchen knives, razor blades, scissors, broken glass, and in some regions, the teeth of the midwife. Because of this, there are many dangers threatenng the victim. The most

Free Essays on Roman Buildings

Roman Architecture by Ryan Huguenin During the 2nd century BC the Romans, in conquering North Africa, Greece, Anatolia, and Spain, absorbed the architectural traditions of those areas (most significantly that of Greece), to which they added the constructional skills of the Etruscans, their immediate neighbors in central Italy. The most significant achievements of the Romans were in their technology of building, their use of a much wider range of materials (including concrete, Terra-Cotta, and fired bricks), and their refinements of the arch, vault and dome, all of which had been pioneered by the Etruscans. Roman temples generally remained modeled on those of Greece, with the common addition of a high plinth (base or platform) and the frequent omission of the side and rear columns. Roman civic monuments included a number of building types of unprecedeted size and complexity, which could not have been built using the Greek beam-and-column construction system. The aqueduct, thermae, basilica, theater, triumphal arch, amphitheater, circuses, and palaces involved enclosing much larger spaces or bridging much greater distances than could be achieved by the use of timber or stone beams. The Roman use of domed construction in mass concrete is best represented by the well-preserved Pantheon in Rome (constructed AD 120-24), which subsequently became a Christian church. Later Roman or early Christian churches, however, generally took their form from the basilica, whose central nave, side aisles, Triforium, and apsa became characteristic features of the Romanesque and Gothic church. Emperor Constantine I built huge basilican churches at all the major Christian sites in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, thus firmly establishing the basilica as the predominant form of Christian church architecture. (Ward-Perkins, 1977). According to much of my pertinent research, probably the clearest picture of Roman architecture can... Free Essays on Roman Buildings Free Essays on Roman Buildings Roman Architecture by Ryan Huguenin During the 2nd century BC the Romans, in conquering North Africa, Greece, Anatolia, and Spain, absorbed the architectural traditions of those areas (most significantly that of Greece), to which they added the constructional skills of the Etruscans, their immediate neighbors in central Italy. The most significant achievements of the Romans were in their technology of building, their use of a much wider range of materials (including concrete, Terra-Cotta, and fired bricks), and their refinements of the arch, vault and dome, all of which had been pioneered by the Etruscans. Roman temples generally remained modeled on those of Greece, with the common addition of a high plinth (base or platform) and the frequent omission of the side and rear columns. Roman civic monuments included a number of building types of unprecedeted size and complexity, which could not have been built using the Greek beam-and-column construction system. The aqueduct, thermae, basilica, theater, triumphal arch, amphitheater, circuses, and palaces involved enclosing much larger spaces or bridging much greater distances than could be achieved by the use of timber or stone beams. The Roman use of domed construction in mass concrete is best represented by the well-preserved Pantheon in Rome (constructed AD 120-24), which subsequently became a Christian church. Later Roman or early Christian churches, however, generally took their form from the basilica, whose central nave, side aisles, Triforium, and apsa became characteristic features of the Romanesque and Gothic church. Emperor Constantine I built huge basilican churches at all the major Christian sites in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, thus firmly establishing the basilica as the predominant form of Christian church architecture. (Ward-Perkins, 1977). According to much of my pertinent research, probably the clearest picture of Roman architecture can...

Write (5pages) of Data Warehouse, OLAP and Data Mining for Business Essay

Write (5pages) of Data Warehouse, OLAP and Data Mining for Business Applications - Essay Example This eradicates the need of specialists installing them after purchasing the database (Ling and Tamer, 2009). The research will establish the different areas of running businesses that this technology can be applied. Some of the areas to be checked are budgeting, sales forecasting and determining whether to produce a new product or not. The main objective will be establishing the benefits accrued by multinational businesses when they carry out data mining in their data warehouse. This information will be used in determining if these benefits can be passed to small scale businesses without the capability of purchasing this technology (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009). The research will establish the cost benefit that businesses receive by using this technology. Cost benefit will establish the opportunity cost of using this technology instead of manual data analysis using the stand alone software. The data warehouse is a collection of data which helps management in decision making. The warehouse has a capability of providing enormous amount of information at the same time. This makes it a better tool for use by businesses that are storing amount of information about their production operation process. The data warehouse ability of integration with modern analysis tools like OLAP is an advantage to corporate. This helps in timely and correct analysis of data, which can be used in decision making by managers (Agosta, 2004). These are software tools that enable data analyst analyze data and view it from multiple perspective. The multiple perspective help managers analyze different options of a problem before arriving at a conclusion. OLAP support activities like analyzing the financial trends in businesses. This would bring to the attention a manager a production line that cost of production is rising without any additional benefits accruing from it. OLAP tools are easy to use and do not require massive investment

Organizational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational behavior - Essay Example However, when applying theories to human beings, society as a whole, how business is conducted, and to life experiences the value of the truth of theories can become a matter of perspective; there are so many variables it can be much more difficult. When presented with the theory that college students spend immense amounts of money and place themselves in ,massive debt in order to gain this education on a world of theories that are ultimately worthless; therefore making that time and effort wasted and education an overall scam (Geneen, 1984). This seems to be a vey arbitrary statement and self negating. If all theories are, as posed, are nonsense would that not include his own immediate theory that â€Å"theories† in general are worthless; would that not include his own? He negates his own position with his own statement. Students seeking their MBAs are taught all of the theories, not just for future application, but to teach the history of organization business behaviors have evolved. Learning them will gain you knowledge and high grades, even many of those theories prove impractical in some businesses settings. Today’s businesses are quite different from the types of businesses that were established in another era; they are more diverse, multi-cultural, and, sometimes, international in nature. Modern businesses must be as diversified and those they serve, as well as, those you employ and manage. Education has a great value. The efforts and expense of an education are not pointless. Theories are not worthless. If nothing else they are a lesson in different approaches and applications those theories, for better or worse, can be learned from. However, today they must be less rigid; they are not mathematical formulas where there is only one right answer. Some companies like someone well versed in the theories of business even if their application is limited within the business, while others prefer free thinkers not individuals that simply regurgitate

Power Imbalances Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Power Imbalances - Coursework Example 1. Introduction: Most of the great achievements of contemporary organizations have been accomplished by adopting various new strategies in almost every sphere including organizational culture, systems, technology, human resources, operations etc. These achievements have not only increased competition but also necessitated, or even given rise to, various changes in management. One such change is the organizational structure that has changed to being a flat structure from a hierarchical one in most of the organizations. On the one hand, the flat organizational structure has helped in reducing the number of managerial levels in order to improve accessibility and increase accountability besides improving efficiency, reducing costs and better empowerment; on the other hand, this structure has bred power imbalances with greater intensity than the hierarchical structure, thus giving rise to potential conflicts. Paradoxically, these power imbalances also hinder attempts to manage conflicts. Present discourse will focus on understanding this aspect of power imbalance at workplaces and its impact on conflict management based on certain situations. Recommendations will be made based on the issues identified and conclusions will be finally drawn. 2. An understanding of power and conflict: Power refers to the elusive force experienced by people, usually based on their position. According to Daft (2009), power may be defined as â€Å"the potential ability of one person (or department) to influence other people (or department) to carry orders or to do something they would not otherwise have done† (p. 497). Power is a very important strength that managers/leaders should use in the most appropriate manner to achieve desired outcomes. Power is used to set goals, define targets, rules and policies, and to manage performance; power is also used to manage conflicts among individuals and groups. Daft (2009) explains that conflict is usually the outcome of interaction among pe ople or groups with differing opinions. Conflicts can either be helpful or harmful for the organizations and its employees. Conflicts that can instigate differential thinking and innovative options are usually helpful, whereas conflicts in terms of goals, understanding, opinions, interpretation, perception etc are usually harmful and can lead to severe consequences. 3. Relationship between power and conflict: To deal with all kinds of conflicts, managers leverage their position and power. According to the conflict theory, power is an essential element in managing conflict or in influencing others to produce desired outcome (Andersen & Taylor, 2007). Power by virtue of position provides the authority for individuals to exercise their aspirations, which can also be a cause for conflict sometimes. Moreover, usage of power, by virtue of position, to manage conflicts can be a hindrance. All these instances could be a result of the phenomenon associated with power and its usage that is us ually, and also, the reason for power imbalance. 4. Power imbalance and conflict management: Weinstein (2001) has extensively elaborated on the impact of power imbalance in mediation process. In this elaboration, she has constantly emphasized on the fact that the organization’s success and instances impacted by power imbalances cannot be separated. Very often, the hierarchical positions that decide the intensity or scope of power itself act as the causes for conflicts.  

Effect of Radiofrequency of GSM Phones on the Brain

Effect of Radiofrequency of GSM Phones on the Brain CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION There has been growing concern about the possible adverse health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency radiations (RFR), such as those from mobile communication devices. This radiation belongs to the type called non-ionizing radiation the health hazard of which remains debatable (Ayeni et al., 2011). The possible risks of microwaves for the human body has attracted interest since the 1960s (i.e., before the arrival of mobile phones), when radar and microwave ovens posed a possible health problem ( Salford et al., 2003). ( Oscar and Hawkins, 1977) performed early studies on effects of RF EMFs on the blood-brain barrier. They demonstrated that at very low energy levels (less than 10 W/m2),the fields in a restricted exposure window caused a significant leakage of 14C-mannitol, inulin, and also dextran (same molecular weight as albumin) from the capillaries into the surrounding cerebellar brain tissue. A recent in vitro study has shown that EMF at 1.8GHz increase the permeabi lity of the blood-brain barrier to sucrose (Schirmacher et at. 2000). Shivers and colleagues (Shivers et al., 1987 and Prato et al.,1990) examined the effect of magnetic resonance imaging upon the rat brain. They showed that the combined exposure to RF EMFs and pulsed and static magnetic Fields gave rise to a significant pinocytotic transport of albumin from the capillaries into the brain. (Hassel et al., 1994) have shown that autologous albumin injected into the brain tissue of rats leads to damage to neurons at the injection site when the concentration of albumin in the injected solution is at least 25% of that in blood. The voluntary exposure of the brain to microwaves from hand-held mobile phones by one-fourth of the worlds population has been called the largest human biologic experiment ever (Salford et al., 2001). When using mobile phone, electromagnetic wave is transferred to the body which causes health problems especially at the place near ear skull region where they are kn own to affect the neurones. The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) for the human body is a growing concern for our society (Hyland 2000). Most researchers in the field have dwelled on the question of whether RF EMFs may induce or promote cancer growth. Although some have indicated increased risk (Hardell et al., 2002 and Repacholi et al. 1997), most studies, including our own, have shown no effects (Salford et al. 1997a) or even a decreased risk (Adey et al., 1999). The study of (Schà ¶rnborn et al., 1998) showed that the adult human head absorbs 80% of the radiation emitted by a cellular telephone. The extensive use of cellular communication devices is accompanied by public concerns about possible harmful effects on human health as a result of exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from these devices(Purushothaman et al., 2013). Thermal biological effects of microwave radiation have been investigated both from the experimental and numerical view points(Elwasife 2012). Damaged neurons, as revealed by cresyl violet staining, were found amongst normal neurons in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia., with a maximum incidence around 2%, but in some restricted areas, dominated the picture. Heating and heat exchange have been viewed as measures of essential processes in the brain and other living tissues, and intrinsic thermal energy has been seen as setting an immutable threshold for external stimulation ([Adair, 1994]). 1.1`Background of the study During recent years, GSM mobile phones (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications), the most powerful RF transmitters in our everyday environment, have become widely and increasingly used by the public and to date there is no clear evidence about their possible biological effects(Panagopoulos et al, 2004). A number of recent developments have resulted in renewed interest in and concern among scientists and the general public about the biological effects of microwave and radiofrequency radiation exposure (Cleary 1977). All life on earth is bathed in a sea of natural low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields from conception to death (Adey 2007). In recent times, many people have expressed an interest in learning if the use of cell phones is associated with cancer. Many have heard or read about possible links between cell phones and cancer, but conclusions are rarely definitive ( Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). It is known that the numbers of people that are using mobile phone in the wo rld are increasing daily (As of November 2011, there were more than 6 billion subscriptions worldwide). Thus it is very important for us to look into the possible danger that may be involved in the usage of phone, since it is a device that receive and send signal (information) using antenna by generating and receiving radio frequency wave. And it is known that radio wave is a form of electromagnetic wave (RIVUX G), which of cause have some danger to human body. Further, the human head is one of the most sensitive organs for EM radiation (Purushothaman et al., 2013). A common concern today, since more and more people are using cell phones than ever before, is that cell phone antennas radiate near a person’s head (Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation has been reported to produce a number of biological effects on biomolecules, cells, and whole organisms, including changes in intracellular ionic concentrations, the synthesis rate of differe nt biomolecules, cell proliferation rates, the reproductive capacity of animals, etc (Panagopoulos et al, 2004). Thus the GSM have to be look into to know it effect on the brain. The phone manufacturers have silence on the danger that GSM can cause on the brain but never the less we have to look into the radiation produce from the GSM and known whether it cause any adverse effect on brain. 1.2  Problem statement Radio Frequency (RF) engineers are faced many times with the following two questions: â€Å"What are the effects of radio waves on human health?† and, more specifically, â€Å"What health risks are associated with the use of cell phones, mobile radios, microwave radios, microwave ovens, broadcast radio and television transmitters, power lines and X-rays?( Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). The obvious problem encountered in the establishment of causal relationships for low intensity microwave-induced alterations in biological systems is the lack of physical interaction mechanisms to explain such phenomena (Cleary, 1977). In this mode of operation, a mobile phone may be regarded as a quite powerful radio transmitter. Its emission at the head surface is typically 10,000 times stronger than fields reaching the head of a user standing within 30 m of the base of a typical mobile phone relay transponder mounted on a tower 30m above ground (Adey 2007). Many people in Nigeria does not kno w the danger the GSM can make them to be expose to by just using it. As many that use the phone have complain of headache, loss of memory, weakness and so on. But they still could not understand the possible causes of these disorderliness in their head, thus there is need for us to look into the study matter and see if the GSM have any possible cause to their problem. Studies of the behavioral effects of low intensity microwave and radiofrequency radiation have produced what appear to be rather contradictory or  inconsistent results. (Cleargy, 1977). 1.3  Justification of the study This study will make the people know the danger that GSM phone can cause in their brain and help them know the symptoms of the effect. Public concern has been aroused by the news media in which attention has been drawn to a number of international incidents involving intentional exposure of humans to microwave fields (Brodeur, 1976). So that people will not be blind folded and just base their mind on the positive effects the GSM has, and not considering the adverse effect it can cause to human brain. Although some group like the international commission on non ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) and mobile manufacturer forum (MMF) that manufacturers mobile equipments and GSM operator across the world insists that there are no discernible effects from the RF radiated from base station and mobile phone (Shalangwa et al., 2011). Scientific interest has been kindled by reports that have appeared during the past few years which consistently suggest that biological systems, both in vivo and in vitro, are affected by exposure to field intensities that were formerly thought to be incapable of producing detectable alterations (Taylor and Cheung 1977). But this study will pose us into possible danger that may be result from the use of GSM. Therefore people in Nigeria will not just buy mobile phone but look at the danger it can cause in respect to it specific absorption rate (SAR) of the type of phone. 1.4  Aim and Objectives The aim of the study is to know the effect of radiofrequency of GSM to brain Objectives: To know whether GSM have any effect on the brain To determine the danger GSM can expose our brain to To suggest a possible protection GSM usage To consider the specific absorption rate (SAR) that is permissible by the brain 1.5  Research questions How does brain work? How does the GSM affect the brain? What frequency will make GSM to affect the brain? Under what condition will GSM affect the brain? What can be use to prevent the effect of GSM on brain? What are the effects the GSM have on the brain? What is effect of radio frequency radiation of GSM mobile phone on blood brain barrier? How do the SAR values of phones affect the temperature distribution in the brain?

Freedom Essay -- essays research papers fc

Freedom is defined as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action. In An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs, Chief Joseph petitions for freedom. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is a call for freedom. The texts written by Chief Joseph and King share many similar philosophies because the situations faced by two cultures, which are embodied in the texts, are similar. Chief Joseph represents a group of Native Americans who are restricted to land that they do not covet. Euro-Americans use lies and armed forces to press the Native Americans off desired territories and onto wastelands. King represents African-Americans who were neglected the rights and opportunity white people owned. King’s speech addresses the fact that African-Americans were held down with violence and segregation. Chief Joseph’s narrative focuses on the issue of broken promises by dominant Euro-Americans. In the end of these two proclamations, b oth the authors ask for the key to freedom, equality. Chief Joseph’s Narrative and Martin Luther King’s Speech share numerous ideals that all relate to the two culture’s struggles for freedom, while the two contrast because these movements are not completely the same. The Constitution and Declaration of Independence represent a: promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†¦[but] instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check (King 917). King is saying that African-Americans have been let down by the foundations of our nation. Throughout Chief Joseph’s narrative are various accounts of broken promises by Euro-Americans. Chief Joseph concentrates mainly on General Miles’ promise because the freedom to live where one wants is imperative to him. The two readings talk of the ideal that both of the cultures are constrained to their certain lands. This notion of being locked up was literal for Native Americans who were restrained to reservations and not allowed off without permission. Being locked up was a metaphor for African-Americans who were confined to certain areas due to discrimination and segregation. Frustration with the Euro-American’s attempt to satisfy the Native-Americans and African-Americans with simple answers is also apparent in the readings. Chief Joseph says, ... ...ency of the cries for equality in the readings shows the importance of being free to choose one’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discrimination brings the ideals of the readings together because discrimination led to comparable challenges faced by either of the author’s cultures. The epidemic of broken promises by the white men is apparent in both readings. King does not falter by believing these promises, and he uses his increasing power to force the issues at hand. Chief Joseph did not comprehend the discrimination he faced at first, and he did not learn to demand his freedom until he had lost all of his power. The bellow for equality by King’s â€Å"Let freedom ring† segment is paralleled in Chief Joseph’s final paragraphs. Chief Joseph writes the answer both cultures are looking for when he states, â€Å"Whenever the white man treats the Indian [or African-American] as they treat each other, then we will have no more wars† (Chief Joseph 14). Works Cited King, Martin. â€Å"I Have a Dream.† New Worlds of Literature. Eds. Jerome Beaty, and J. Paul Hunter. New York: Norton, 1994. 917-20. Joseph, Chief. â€Å"An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs.† Bel-Jean Packet. Athens: Bel- Jean, 2005. 7-16.

MyAlert Essay

Come 1999, the international mobile data services market was ever so expanding and changing rapidly. Jorge Mata was able to hop on the bandwagon early enough to profit from this business venture as this industry was just at the beginning of a new era that would revolutionize how consumers and businesses communicated with each other. More simply stated, MyAlert was a great business idea, developing a more personalized mobile industry. Mata could not actually believe that such a business model had never been thought of in the past, but did not have to think twice before investing in the MyAlert project, becoming the first company to appear and succeed in the mobile services market in Spain. Flash forwarding to a year after its creation, figures are only representative of the huge success MyAlert was facing in terms of the service and content the company offered its customers. Figures were in the black, and more than 200.000 users were registered to the ‘Alert portal’ witho ut even any substantial advertising expense. Another indicator of a good business idea is whether the creator of the company is able to find any potential investors ready to sponsor his project. In this case, Mata is the first to find enough capital (half a million euros) to launch his project. His ex-CEO at BroadVision also wanted to invest in the project, showing us just how serious and well thought of this business plan actually was. Although the initial funds were clearly insufficient to bring MyAlert at the top of the ladder both domestically and internationally, Mata’s strategy is clear-cut in the sense that the first priority was developing a project with â€Å"a top-tier management and technical team and a sound technological platform to make alerts work at the targeted scale† (p. 2). The company could effectively y use its technological platform to provide a personalized service, that at the time, was crucially needed by customers and companies who wished to stay at the top of the information chain. This was the booming time in terms of new technologies and how they could be adapted to the internet and the mobile phone. MyAlert’s business idea was once again great because it could actually provide this ever so needed information to its end users. By valuing the customer and focusing on what the market needed and will need in the future, MyAlert is a perfect example of how they were able to carry out the latter and grasp a changing environment before it was too late. The main competitive advantages that MyAlert benefit from are seen through their timing and their strong technological platform. In effect, the company benefits from a first mover advantage into the mobile data service industry. With this advantage under their belt, it is essential in for MyAlert to develop an on-going demand for their service. The customer base is large and potentially profitable and the company understood this. As I stated previously, instead of focusing itself on the product/service they deliver to the customer, MyAlert’s strategy is to focus on what the customer really wants from the company. The emotional factors that the customers face are very important because they act as an experience on each individual when they decide to sign up for daily alerts on football, or stock quotes for example. My Alert knows that by focusing on the customer base, by offering them a service that is affordable and useful, positive recommendations will then follow placing them at an advantage vis-à  -vis their competitors. While focusing on the demand aspects are vital, it is also crucial for the company to concentrate on the supply scale for the competitive advantage to be sustainable. Basic services such as alerts on business headlines are interesting but MyAlert’s main wish is to expand their supply with a â€Å"†¦ number of services thanks to agreements with other content and service providers† (p. 2). By growing a significant supply scale, a broader demand from not only individual end-users will arise, but also from sources like corporations and large advertising companies. With all the information above, a value chain of MyAlert’s business model is shown through this diagram: A perfect example of this model at work is when MyAlert enters the European major markets. While replicating the entry strategy that had already worked in Spain, the company broadens its supply scale by offering free advertising services to international companies and then pursuing on to develop tight relationships with these companies so that they can offer them business services. This is a clear example of how the company intentionally expands its supply scale to attain an even larger demand (customer) base. After the dotcom bubble crisis, companies focused on new technologies such as MyAlert, take the hardest hit. Their competitive advantage based on a strong  technology is now under threat and the company has to reevaluate its strategy. I believe the merge with Buongiorno is not only positive for both companies, but a must if MyAlert wishes to stay competitive in the long run. Mauro del Rio basically says it all in his statement as he declares that the â€Å"†¦ two absolute imperatives for ambitious European high tech companies [are]: critical mass and positive P&L† (p.4). MyAlert could no longer expand through organic growth and so this merger is a fantastic idea in terms of bringing new qualified staff, technology assets and know-how. On the flip side, the position the two companies now hold as a whole, allows them to penetrate new markets and develop synergies. The two companies complemented each other very well in terms of My Alert bringing a strong technological platform to the table and powerful ASP services versus Buongiorno being more present in terms of marketing and advertising services. The strengths of one, replaced the weaknesses of the other. A good example of how the two companies complemented themselves really well is by analyzing the services they sold through various business models. In terms of business services, Buongiorno would lead the way offering companies other marketing services such as brand building and customer loyalty. The product range allowed a higher diversification and greatly benefited the company. The above would not have been possible to realize if MyAlert wouldn’t have merged with Buongiorno because of a poorer marketing penetration. When it came to consumer services however, MyAlert would lead the way by actively investing and developing new apps carefully adapted to their customer base thanks to t heir strong technology. Consumer services were the new hit at the beginning of the years 2000’s and Buongiorno! MyAlert was able to establish itself as a clear industry leader. At first, intensively focusing on consumer services was not a clear target for the newly merged companies. The SMS market was in full evolution but many competitors were focusing on the benefits of developing WAP. The portal worked similarly to the WWW navigation, except it was adapted to cell phones. The main point here is that MyAlert had the necessary technology to develop this project and become a global leader but the management team made a wise decision when they decided to focus more on what the consumer actually wanted. WAP-enabled phones had huge potential, increasing to 23% in  2000, but the alarming factor was that only 3% of those users were actually using the new mobile portal. In effect, the company realized that they were found in a value added service market and that their business would mainly depend on what share they could capture from mobile operators when end-users download a song or a logo via SMS, and which marketing budget their customers could channel throu gh them. More simply stated, the company shifted its competitive advantage from a strong technological base to a market driven, consumer targeted base. This business model change allowed the company to develop its own kind of virtual network, linking them to diverse mobile operators’ message centers. As Nomura correctly states, the company could now benefit from its new position and operate its new value chain by having higher punctuality and lower messaging costs. This diversified network the company had built with all the operators, and the flexible strategy they had put into place to be able to adapt to a changing environment, gave them a â€Å"competitive advantage and barrier to entry for any competitors trying† (p.15) to penetrate the market. The evolvement of the business model was a crucial point for the company as they correctly analyzed the market and customer appreciation instead of focusing on a strong service (WAP) that they could’ve developed. If they had chosen this route, maybe things would’ve not been as smooth and successful for them. In this case though, the company was showing positive results and was in a continued search for new businesses and markets to enter while diversifying both in terms of their products and services. This model can only be sustainable, because as Darwin says it best â€Å"if a being wants to survive in a shifting environment, it must evolve at least as fast as the medium itself.† BuonGiorno!MyAlert is perfectly equipped to do so.

Legalizing Euthanasia

Legalizing Euthanasia Legalizing EuthanasiaImagine waking up and seeing yourself lying in an uncomfortable hospital bed with crying family members around you. You see that there is a long cord connected to your heart. You try really hard to move, but you are too weak to get up. Would you want one of your family members to decide for you to no longer live or do you want the decision to live? In situations like the one I just described is when euthanasia comes into play.Euthanasia is also known as assisted suicides. This technique is usually used to put to rest people who are incurably sick. Terminally sick patients, who have about 12 months to live and are in a healthy mental state, should be able to choose if they want keep on living, or end the pain and suffering in that moment. Euthanasia should be legalized in the United States because of three things.Euthanasia machine invented by Dr. Philip Nitschke...First of all, it puts an end to the suffering of a human life. Second, it lets the family's of the p atients be at peace, and finally doctors do not go to jail just for helping another person move on.Yes, it is a sin to commit suicide or take the life of another. However, doing the procedure will end a very painful and unbearable last few months to live. Furthermore, people should have the right to be able to make a decision like this one, because at the end of the day it is their life. A person has the right to life, why not death? These are two topics that are debated everyday in some form or another. Death is something that we all will face, it is certain. There is no miracle cure to fix it.When dealing with their families, this will...

How to Use Apostrophes - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

How to Use Apostrophes - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog How to Use Apostrophes There are two main ways to use apostrophes: to indicate possession or in contractions. You might think that this is a minor issue of punctuation, but correct use of apostrophes helps ensure your written work is clear. Indicating Possession Apostrophes are how we indicate in writing that something belongs to someone or something else. For example, if we were writing about a car owned by Nigel we would add an apostrophe and an â€Å"s† like this: After breaking down on the freeway, Nigel’s car needed extensive repairs. The same rule applies when describing a quality possessed by or element of something: The car’s top speed was 210 km/h. The exception to this rule is possessive pronouns (such as â€Å"its,† â€Å"his† and â€Å"her†), which do not require an apostrophe. So, for example, the pronoun â€Å"it† becomes â€Å"its† when indicating possession: Nigel loved his car: its top speed was 210 km/h. It’s worth noting that words which already end with an â€Å"s† can be modified with either just an apostrophe or an â€Å"-’s†: Angus’ grammar was always perfect. Angus’s grammar was always perfect. Both of the above are acceptable; just remember to aim for consistency throughout your work. Indicating Contractions A contraction is an abbreviated version of two words. We use an apostrophe in contractions to indicate missing letters: Do not → Don’t I have → I’ve You are → You’re Another common contraction is to add an â€Å"-’s† to a word when it’s followed by â€Å"is† or â€Å"has†: David is running late → David’s running late His car has broken down → His car’s broken down It’s important to remember here that â€Å"it is† and â€Å"it has† become â€Å"it’s†. An apostrophe should therefore only be added in â€Å"it’s† when used as a contraction rather than a possessive. Its also worth noting that contractions are generally not considered appropriate in formal writing. Plural Nouns Not every word ending in an â€Å"s† requires an apostrophe. When pluralizing a word, for instance, you don’t need to include an apostrophe before the â€Å"s.† As such the plural of â€Å"dinosaur† is â€Å"dinosaurs† (not â€Å"dinosaur’s†). Likewise, the plural of â€Å"banana† is â€Å"bananas† (not â€Å"banana’s†). Hopefully this has clarified a few things about how and when to use apostrophes. But since it can be easy to overlook a misplaced apostrophe, it’s always a good idea to have a professional double-check your work.

Family Health History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Health History - Research Paper Example Cigarettes are often used to cover up uncomfortable feelings like anger and nervousness. Nicotine is known to be poisonous, and it could result in a fatality when taken in large amounts. Secondly, Nicotine produces pleasurable feelings even when taken in small amounts this makes the smoker crave for more. Thirdly, smokers usually suffer both psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms whenever they stop smoking; this is due to the usual dependency on nicotine. Some of the withdrawal results include irritability, nervousness, and headache. Smoking harms nearly every organ resulting in many diseases and reducing health in general. Smoking damages the entire cardiovascular system, and it boosts the blood sugar when nicotine hits your body; it also causes blood vessels to tighten thus restricting blood flow (Sturm 21). Smoking leads to the  blood pressure and lowers good cholesterol level this can result in stretching of arteries and buildup of bad cholesterol it also raises the risk of blood clots forming. Weakened blood vessels and blood clots in the smoker’s brain increases the risk of stroke. There is an increased risk of recurrent coronary heart diseases for smokers who have heart bypass surgery and in long-term smokers are at a greater risk of blood cancer. Nevertheless, smoking has a risk to non-smokers too; breathing secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system this leads to heart attack and coronary diseases. To tackle this problem, I will encourage the smoker to seek medical consultation. One of the medical solutions is nicotine replacement therapy.  

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example The marketing objectives form the underlying base for the formulation of the 7Ps of marketing mix prepared for the product of Samsung Electronics. The report also includes an analysis of how the marketing strategies would be implemented in launching and marketing the Samsung Galaxy S2 in the market of the United States. The report is suitably concluded by an evaluation of the marketing strategies done in order to analyse and assess the expected impacts of the marketing strategies in the new market. The evaluation also includes an assessment of how the formulated marketing strategies can be profitable for Samsung Electronics and a short recommendation of how the marketing strategies can be improved for continued success. Samsung Group is a transnational conglomerate company of South Korea. It has its headquarters in Samsung Town in Seoul. The company has many supplementary and affiliated business among which most of them are under the brand name of Samsung and it is the largest business conglomerated in South Korea. In 1938, Lee Byung-chul founded the company Samsung. The company has diversified itself into many new directions like textiles, insurances, retail, food processing and securities. In 1960’s the company started its business in electronics industry. Samsung group was been separated into four business groups after Lee Byung-chul died in 1987. In 1983, the company started producing personal computers and in 1988 it started producing semiconductors and telecommunication devices and networks. Samsung was considered to be a producer of low end products that used to be cheap in comparison to the other costly Japanese products. The company was also known to produce reliable and products of high quality which made the company gain lot of popularity among the customers and also in the market. By the end of 1992,

International business DISCUSSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

International business DISCUSSION - Essay Example ed out (this is just an extremely concise portrayal, in the event that you are intrigued by bookkeeping, counsel your bookkeeping educator for more data). The monetary supervisor or advisor places essential accentuation on choice making. It utilizes the money related explanations ready by bookkeepers to settle on choices about the associations monetary condition and to exhort others about conceivable misfortunes and benefits. In a few cases, money is more a sort of initiative position. A monetary director need to arrangement with fund, as well as with matters of trade and profit, bookkeeping, detail, math, and administration. Individuals working with stocks and bonds need to comprehend and investigate how the underlying organizations are performing. How a given organization is going to perform throughout retreat? Should they offer or purchase stocks or bonds. How a lessening in the investment rate in England may influence the tasks an organization has in that nation. Back likewise bargains a considerable measure with danger. Subordinate securities (alternatives, prospects, swaps, and so on) are utilized to support against conceivable build in

Human factors in the Space industry Essay Example for Free

Human factors in the Space industry Essay Abstract The world is in transition from Information Age to Space Age. This can be assumed by observing trends particularly those initiated by developed countries such as the US, Russia, China, Japan and the members of the European Union. The robots are programmed to be more precise in its actions compared to humans but with the humans capability to judge and make decisions according to unexpected circumstances, the latter are still considered a better option for space explorations. This necessitates the study for Human Factors. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the Human Factors that are associated with the Space Industry. such knowledge would give the reader an idea on the Human limitations that must be considered and which could be very critical in space explorations. Without proper consideration, space explorations would be unsuccessful and the transition to Space Age would never ascend from the state of being imaginary, to reality. Consideration of Human Factors Towards the Space Age Humanity is now in the so-called Information age when time is fast-paced and access to information can be as fast, easy and unlimited as the trend for telecommunication and global integration continue to show prospects of expansion. The prospects of expansion, however, is not limited to the â€Å"global†. Current research shows that the trend is gradually opening its way to the rudiments of transition from the Information age to the Space age. Developed countries such as the US, Russia, Japan, China, India, the members of the EU and its industries are starting to involve themselves with the space and satellite industry, spending significant amounts of their budgets to further research, interest and opportunities for the said industry (Partners in Space, 2005). According to the Sacknoff in the 2005 Report on the State of the Space Industry by the International Space Business Council, there had been a total of $103 billion turnover from commercial and government services and programs in 2004. This turnover is expected to increase to at least $158 billion in 2010. Meanwhile, the US Defense has increased its spending for Space-related investments from $15 billion in 2000 to $22 billion in 2005. It is expected to further increase to at least $28 billion in 2010. There has also been a continuous increase in the market for satellite service particularly that of GPS positioning and tracking which could lead to the development of space tourism. According to NASDAQ, the space industry is currently one of the most innovative growth sectors in the world today (Sacknoff, 2005). At present, the US President, George W. Bush has made a proclamation about his â€Å"New Space† vision that could be a challenging turning point for the space industry. The aim of this vision is to be able to return to the moon by the end of the decade and to be able to fly to Mars immediately in the following decade (President Bush Announces New Vision for Space Exploration Program, 2004). Robots vs. Humans However, in order to become successful in such endeavors, the departments in charge of the development must recognize and consider certain factors that are critical to the future of the industry. There is a huge debate on whether there is a need to send humans in space, when there would always be robots to take their place. Those for robots argue that it would limit the risks of â€Å"needless human sacrifices† in case unexpected circumstances arise. However, the NASA argues that while in fact, robots are very useful in space explorations and gathering research data, the needed knowledge about space would never be near complete without human’s ingenuity and physical experience (The Human Advantage, 2003). Applied to the current objective of the â€Å"New Space† vision as well as the objectives of the previous explorations, there are still a lot of things that even robots, and only humans, with their minds, can do. Robots, for example cannot deal with unexpected things while humans can think of creative ways to solve unexpected problems such as equipment breakdown (The Human Advantage, 2003). Installations, upgrades and detailed work in space can only be done with the finesse of human operators. While it can be tested by robots, prospects such as possible life in other planets can only be guaranteed by human exploration.

Creons Role in Antigone :: Creon as tragic figure

Creon in the play of Antigone by Sophocles plays a major role within the play. Antigone also plays an important role, as these two character’s conflicting views led to utter disaster, which highlights Creon as a tragic figure. Within the play Creon attempted to establish decisions for the common good; however, his decisions resulted in tragedy. Creon highlighted as the tragic figure, initially created decisions he thought was for the welfare and well-being of Thebes; however, Antigone, who rebelled against Creon’s decisions, caused Creon’s rage to cloud his rational way of thinking. When Creon decided to forbid the burial of Polynices, as he believed Polynices was a traitor to Thebes, Antigone was outraged. This decision, viewed through the eyes of Creon, was just and fair; on the other hand, Antigone viewed his decision as cruel and selfish, which resulted into a major conflict between these two characters. When Antigone disobeyed his proclamation, Creon became infuriated towards this rebellious act. Those small events within the play expressed Creon as a ruler doing what he believes is right; on the other hand, Antigone’s rebellion expressed otherwise. Antigone was soon shown to cause an evil spark within Creon. This â€Å"spark† caused Creon to intensify his punishments towards Antigone, which in turn caused a chain reaction of events and eventually led to his tragic decline. Being portrayed as a menacing villain throughout the play, Creon began as an honorable man; however, overwhelming events and confrontations caused Creon to evolve in to this monstrous figure. This play, Antigone, was titled after one of the play’s main characters; however, the title could have been â€Å"Creon†, due to Creon’s influence throughout the play. Creon was a major influence to the play’s plot as it involves Creon within a majority of the scenes, from beginning to end. Throughout the play Creon’s tragic countdown is expressed, beginning with him as king of Thebes to the death of his beloved family. Antigone is merely portrayed as a rebellious nephew, as she consistently defies Creon. Antigone is expressed within the play consistently; however, the play portrays decisions proclaimed by Creon, which displays Creon’s tragic flow. Being titled â€Å"Antigone†, does not accurately express the play’s content as Creon’s tragic fate is actually being described and represented.

Metals and Water Essay example -- Iron, steel, Corrosion, Alkalinity

Certain metals could be affected by the pH of water. This, however, could reflect on real life situations that could affect us, the environment, and also our pipe system as well. Some metals such as iron and steel oxidize when they are exposed to humidity and water thus forming corrosion known as ferric oxides (Roy, 2009). Corrosion has destructive potential if left untreated (Stahl, 2005). Knowing what metals are prone to corrosion is an important issue to take notice about because corrosion happens all around us including possessions that belong to us. It is necessary for industrialized cities to estimate the cost of such devastating nature of corrosion (Newman, 1994). Much of money are spend each year to replace equipment that are corroded, in the United States alone, corrosion causes about $276 billion each year. By using specific metals or methods such as alloying, metallic coating or organic coating can prevent or minimizing corrosion (Drigel, 2008). A specific type of corro sion is rust. Rusts are produced when iron converts to Fe 2+ ions and subsequently reacts with hydroxide ions within the water (Roy, 2009 and N/A, 2006). The physical characteristics of rust are coating of powder, scaly reddish-brown and reddish-yellow hydrated ferric oxides (Roy, 2009). The types of corrosion can be used in evaluating the performance of engineered structures (A reservoir to reduce rust, 2006). Metals are easily corroded in the sea because the salt makes the water a better conductor from the electrochemical cells (N/A, 2006). The ever-changing pH of the ocean due to planktic forminiferal abundance and other variables (Saraswat, 2007), and this could affect the rate of corrosion in metals. The pH is a measurement of the acidity or alkal... ...ltimately save many problems and health risks. It is important to note which metals to use to prevent corrosion because some may post health risks such as Chromium. Prolonged contact with Chromium may lead to lung cancer, ulcers, liver necrosis, and allergic dermatitis, so improper metals used in water distribution system could lead to a high extension in terms of risks because it could also affect the ocean and the wild lives (Chandra and Kulshreshtha, 2004). The world is changing and new technologies are emerging. Some of these technologies include micro-sized chips that are able to run a computer, and if corrosion is one of the problems, then it will post many more complications. Humans rely on technologies and equipment that are sometimes created with metals and they sometimes fail simply because they are exposed to salt water or high humidity (N/A, 2006).